What principle does a generator operate on?

A generator operates on the principle of electromagnetic induction. This fundamental concept involves the generation of an electric current by changing the magnetic field within a conductor. When a conductor, such as a wire, is moved through a magnetic field or when a magnetic field surrounding a stationary conductor changes, an electromotive force (EMF) is induced in the conductor. This induced EMF can drive an electric current when the circuit is closed.

The principle of electromagnetic induction is based on Faraday's law, which states that the induced voltage in a circuit is proportional to the rate of change of the magnetic flux through the circuit. This is the foundational mechanism that underlies the operation of generators, allowing them to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy efficiently.