What are the two channels required for upgrade to the 5-level in the AFSC?

The two channels required for upgrade to the 5-level in the Air Force Specialty Code (AFSC) are performance and knowledge.

In the context of the progression to a 5-level, performance refers to the individual's demonstrated ability to perform tasks and responsibilities associated with their job effectively. This includes meeting qualitative and quantitative standards as defined by the Air Force and showing proficiency in the duties outlined for that rank. Knowledge encompasses the theoretical and technical understanding of the job, including concepts, systems, and operational procedures relevant to the Aircraft Armament Systems field.

Together, these two channels ensure that personnel not only can carry out their tasks competently but also understand the underlying principles and complexities of their role, preparing them for greater responsibilities and potential leadership positions in the future.

Other options mentioned do not precisely encapsulate the required channels for promotion to the 5-level as defined in the training standards; thus, "performance and knowledge" stands out as the most accurate choice.